Forest

In TOEF are more than 100 species of trees and 230 species of herbs.Dominant species of natural forest includes Quercus crispula, Kalopanax pictus, Fraxinus mandshurica, some Acer tree, and some Betula trees. Fraxinus lanuginosa, Ostrya japonica, Populas maximowiczii, Tilia japonica, Prunus, Sorbus alnifolia, Alnus hirsute, and Cercidiphyllum japonicum are also commonly observed. Some coniferous trees like Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis are distributed in relatively low abundance mainly in disturbed area.

Forest floors are mainly covered with ferns and Dryopteris is the dominant. Spring plants (Trillium, Maianthemum, Smilaciana, etc), are distributed in places where the abundances of ferns are low. Where dwarf bamboos (Sasamorpha borealis, Sasa nipponica, and Sasa senanensis) form patchs, there is little fern cover. The existence of variable types of forest floors is one of characteristics of this forest.

A forestation started since 1905. Planted trees include mainly conifers like Larix leptorepis, Abies sachaliensis, Picea abies,Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraensis, Abies holophylla,Pinus strobes, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Faxinus lauginosa.